Variable Rewards Are Overrated

Thesis: Unpredictable rewards raise arousal and attention. They do not manufacture desire for low‑fit behaviors. Overuse creates noise and ethical problems.

When they may help

• The core task is meaningful and competence‑driven.
• Surprise is used sparingly to add delight to real progress.

When they fail

• The task has no inherent value for the user group.
• Variability masks the absence of progress or skill growth.

Better alternatives

• Competence Loops that show skill improvement and real benefits.
• Personalized rewards tied to milestones the user cares about.
• Progress Visualization grounded in honest metrics.

Design rules if you still use them

• Cap frequency.
• Tie rewards to legitimate achievements.
• Provide controls to mute or opt out.

Measurement

• Look for value metrics, not just session count.
• Track frustration and complaints as leading indicators of misuse.

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Related plays
Competence Loops · Progress Visualization · Personalized Rewards